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Grand Portage is an unincorporated community in Cook County, Minnesota, United States; located on Grand Portage Bay of the North Shore of Lake Superior. Minnesota Highway 61 serves as a main route in the community. Grand Portage is located 34 miles northeast of the city of Grand Marais; and 5 miles southwest of the U.S.–Canadian border. The unincorporated community of Grand Portage and the Grand Portage Indian Reservation are both located within Grand Portage Unorganized Territory of Cook County (population 565). The Grand Portage National Monument is located adjacent to the community. Grand Portage State Park is nearby on the banks of the Pigeon River. Mount Josephine (elevation 1,315) is immediately northeast of Grand Portage (elevation 630). ==History== Beginning in the 17th century, Grand Portage became a major center of the fur trade. See Canadian Canoe Routes (early). It was at the point where a major canoe fur trade route of the voyageurs left the great lakes. It was so named because the route began with a huge 9 mile portage.〔''Fur Trade Canoe Routes of Canada/ Then and Now'' by Eric W. Morse Canada National and Historic Parks Branch, first printing 1969. Page 75.〕 A portage is a place where the canoes and equipment are carried over land. The French established this trade with the Native Americans until the British took it over in the 18th century after the Seven Years' War. The North West Company established the area as its regional headquarters. Soon Grand Portage became one of Britain's four main fur trading posts, along with Niagara, Detroit, and Michilimackinac.〔Gilman (1992), p. 74.〕 Even after the American Revolutionary War and victory by the rebellious colonists, the British continued to operate in the area. Under the Treaty of Paris in 1783, Britain had to cede former territory to the United States, including this area. Finally with the signing of the Jay Treaty in 1796, defining the northern border between Canada and the U.S., British traders planned to move from Grand Portage. They wanted to avoid the taxes the U.S. put on their operations, in its effort to encourage American traders instead. In 1802, the traders planned to move north to create a new center, what they called Fort William. In 1803, following the Louisiana Purchase, in which the U.S. acquired the lands to the west of Grand Portage, the British finally moved from Grand Portage to the new post in Canada.〔Association of Ontario Land Surveyors (1902), p. 108.〕 The North West Company moved its headquarters northward to what they named Fort William. After British fur traders abandoned the area, it rapidly declined economically until fisheries and logging became popular in the 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grand Portage (community), Minnesota」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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